The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has reported a substantial improvement in its Net Foreign Exchange Reserve (NFER) position as at the end of 2024, reflecting a substantial improvement in the country’s external liquidity, reduced short-term obligations, and renewed investor confidence.

NFER stood at $23.11 billion, the highest level in over three years, a marked increase from $3.99 billion at year-end 2023, $8.19 billion in 2022, and $14.59 billion in 2021.

NFER which adjusts gross reserves to account for near-term liabilities such as FX swaps and forward contracts, is widely regarded as a more accurate indicator of the foreign exchange buffers available to meet immediate external obligations.

Gross external reserves also increased to $40.19 billion, compared to $33.22 billion at the close of 2023.

The CBN said the increase in reserves reflects a combination of strategic measures it undertook, including a deliberate and substantial reduction in short-term foreign exchange liabilities – notably swaps and forward obligations.

The strengthening was also spurred by policy actions to rebuild confidence in the FX market and increase reserve buffers, along with recent improved foreign exchange inflows – particularly from non-oil sources.

The result is a stronger and more transparent reserves position that better equips Nigeria to withstand external shocks. The expansion occurred even as the CBN continues to reduce short-term liabilities, thereby improving the overall quality of the reserve position.

“This improvement in our net reserves is not accidental; it is the outcome of deliberate policy choices aimed at rebuilding confidence, reducing vulnerabilities, and laying the foundation for long-term stability,” Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Olayemi Cardoso, commented“, adding that “We remain focused on sustaining this progress through transparency, discipline, and market-driven reforms”.

The strengthening in reserves has continued in 2025 and whilst the first quarter figures reflected some seasonal and transitional adjustments, including significant interest payments on foreign-denominated debt, underlying fundamentals remain intact, and reserves are expected to continue improving over the second quarter of this year.

Going forward, the CBN said it anticipates a steady uptick in reserves, underpinned by improved oil production levels, and a more supporting export growth environment that is expected to boost non-oil FX earnings and diversify external inflows, assuring that  it remains committed to prudent reserve management, transparent reporting, and macroeconomic policies that support a stable exchange rate, attract investment, and build long-term resilience.